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Handwriting, sensing and the experiments behind them. Read a practical explanation, inspect the diagram, and follow the source.

31 notes · diagrams, methods and sources

Visible writing → Measured feature → Practice choice

Product explainer

The 20 factors: measurements, proxies and practice

Which parts of handwriting can a page image actually tell us about?

2 min read · Malli Kosuri →
Clear page photo → Visual measurements → Focused practice

Product explainer

From a handwriting photo to useful practice feedback

How does a page image become handwriting feedback?

2 min read · Malli Kosuri →
Writing task → Research features → Professional assessment

Research note

Handwriting screening research: evidence and limits

What would it take for a handwriting model to support screening responsibly?

2 min read · Vishnu Kosuri →
Learner’s goals → Writing observation → Adapt & review

Research note

Studying handwriting support with autistic learners

How can writing research respect the needs of individual learners?

2 min read · Malli Kosuri →
Problem evidence → Technical milestone → Funding use

Founder note

A research-led pitch: connect claims to evidence

How can a deep-tech pitch distinguish a useful prototype from a finished product?

2 min read · Vishnu Kosuri →
Shared translation → Different rotation → Calibrated separation

Engineering note

One IMU or two: what the second view adds

What information does a second motion sensor add to a rigid pen?

2 min read · Malli Kosuri →
Applied load → Sensor output → Calibration error

Engineering note

Reading force: calibration before interpretation

How does a force-sensitive element become a useful tip-force signal?

2 min read · Vishnu Kosuri →
Gravity reference → Rotation update → Motion disturbance

Engineering note

Estimating pen tilt while the hand is moving

When can an accelerometer describe tilt, and when does writing motion interfere?

2 min read · Malli Kosuri →
Residual bias → Velocity drift → Position drift

Engineering note

Why pen speed is difficult to recover from acceleration

Why does a small acceleration error become a large writing error?

2 min read · Vishnu Kosuri →
Timed samples → Contact segments → Stroke sequence

Engineering note

Turning motion samples into separate writing strokes

How can a continuous sensor stream become a sequence of strokes?

2 min read · Malli Kosuri →
Contact intervals → Pauses → Task context

Engineering note

Measuring writing rhythm without judging the writer

What can the timing of strokes tell us about a writing task?

2 min read · Vishnu Kosuri →
Contact on → Contact off → Hysteresis band

Engineering note

Pen down or pen up: detecting contact reliably

How do we avoid turning a hovering movement into a written stroke?

2 min read · Malli Kosuri →
Heading reference → Local disturbance → Confidence check

Engineering note

What a compass can add to pen orientation

When should an orientation estimator trust a magnetic reading?

2 min read · Vishnu Kosuri →
Sequence 101 → Sequence 102 → Sequence 104: gap

Engineering note

Streaming motion over BLE without losing the timeline

How do we know whether a received stream still represents the original recording?

2 min read · Malli Kosuri →
Sensor recording → Tip trajectory → Readable text

Research note

Reconstructing handwriting: define the target first

Are we trying to reproduce the ink path, recognise text, or both?

2 min read · Vishnu Kosuri →
Ordinary paper → Reference capture → Independent evaluation

Research note

What ordinary-paper capture needs to prove

How do we evaluate a pen without quietly relying on a special writing surface?

2 min read · Malli Kosuri →
104 Hz · 9.62 ms → 208 Hz · 4.81 ms → 416 Hz · 2.40 ms

Engineering note

104, 208 or 416 Hz: choosing a sampling rate

What does doubling the sampling rate buy, and what does it cost?

2 min read · Malli Kosuri →
Rendered writing → Ordered ink points → Joint representation

Paper note

The image and the strokes: two views of handwriting

Why might a model need both the final image and the stroke sequence?

2 min read · Vishnu Kosuri →
Observed pattern → Study context → Clinical interpretation

Paper note

Handwriting health signals: evidence and limits

When does an association in a study become useful beyond that study?

2 min read · Malli Kosuri →
Full inputs → One input removed → Compare outcomes

Research note

Removing a sensor: an experiment, not a promise

When can a simpler design preserve the performance we need?

2 min read · Malli Kosuri →
Training writers → Validation writers → Test writers

Research note

Testing recognition on writers the model has never seen

Can the recogniser read a new writer, or has it memorised familiar hands?

2 min read · Vishnu Kosuri →
New examples → Fixed evaluation → Accept or reject

Research note

More data is useful only if evaluation stays honest

How do we tell whether a larger dataset actually improves the model?

2 min read · Malli Kosuri →
Sensor position → Known offset → Tip position

Engineering note

The sensor moves differently from the pen tip

Why is tracking a sensor in the barrel not enough to track the ink?

2 min read · Malli Kosuri →
Offset field → Distorted field → Corrected reference

Engineering note

Calibrating a compass near real desks

What can calibration correct, and what changes when the environment changes?

2 min read · Malli Kosuri →
Low-power sensing → Event condition → Wake the processor

Engineering note

Using motion events to wake a sleeping processor

Which events should be recognised before the main processor wakes?

2 min read · Malli Kosuri →
Hovering motion → Tip contact → Stroke boundary

Engineering note

Why tip contact needs its own measurement

What ambiguity does a tip-force signal remove from a motion recording?

2 min read · Malli Kosuri →
Sleep → Record → Sync

Engineering note

Measuring the power cost of every pen state

Which state dominates battery use during a real day?

2 min read · Malli Kosuri →
Sensor samples → Scheduled transfers → Receiver queue

Engineering note

Choosing Bluetooth for a sensor stream

Why choose Bluetooth Low Energy for a pen, and what still needs testing?

2 min read · Malli Kosuri →
Recording load → Charge profile → Protection checks

Engineering note

Battery runtime and charging: what to measure

What evidence belongs behind a battery-life claim?

2 min read · Malli Kosuri →
Refill seating → Tip offset → Repeatability

Engineering note

Why the refill belongs in the measurement model

How can changing an ordinary refill change a sensing experiment?

2 min read · Malli Kosuri →
Capture clock → Buffer & storage → Transfer & verify

Engineering note

A sensor pen is also a real-time data system

What must the software do when samples arrive faster than they can be sent?

2 min read · Malli Kosuri →

Read it. Try one thing.

The live analyser works with a photo of your handwriting. The sensor pen and motion-recognition work have their own development path.

Check your handwriting →Explore Project Akshara →